Seborrheic dermatitis is a chronic, inflammatory skin disorder characterized by the presence of yellowish, oily scales and flakes, particularly in areas with a high density of oil-producing (sebaceous) glands. Commonly affected regions include the scalp, face, hairline, and ears. This condition, often marked by persistent dandruff, can cause discomfort and is a common skin issue encountered by various age groups.

Seborrheic dermatitis progresses gradually, beginning with either dry or oily flaking of the scalp (dandruff), which may be associated with itching, but typically does not lead to hair loss. In more severe instances, yellowish to reddish scaly pimples develop along the hairline, behind the ears, eyebrows, in nasal folds, and sometimes on the chest.

In young infants, often referred to as "cradle cap," the condition can cause a characteristic thick, yellowish crust on the scalp, and may be accompanied by similar flaky patches behind the ears and red pimples on the face. A stubborn diaper rash is frequently associated with the scalp involvement in these cases.

Older children and adults may experience significant scaling on the scalp with large, thick, compact flakes.

While the precise etiology of seborrheic dermatitis is not fully understood, factors such as the over-proliferation of Malassezia yeasts on the skin—which are normally present—and an individual's unique immune reaction to these yeasts are believed to play a pivotal role in its development.

Seborrheic dermatitis commonly manifests in two distinct age groups: infants within the first three months of life, and adults aged 30 to 70 years. A genetic predisposition can increase the likelihood of experiencing this condition, which may be exacerbated by colder climates, signifying the impact of environmental elements.

The diagnosis of seborrheic dermatitis is typically made by examining the affected skin's appearance and location.

Treatment options include antifungal shampoos, creams, and corticosteroid-based solutions or creams. For adults and older children, shampoos containing ketoconazole, an antifungal agent, may be used to manage Malassezia. An application of these products should follow a determined schedule until symptoms improve, and maintenance usage is often advised.

If itching persists despite shampoo treatment, corticosteroid solutions can be applied directly to the scalp. For seborrheic dermatitis affecting beard and eyebrow areas, treatment mirrors that of the scalp.

For facial involvement, only mild corticosteroids are recommended due to their potential side effects. Antifungal creams can be prescribed for milder forms. Calcineurin inhibitors are also an alternative, especially for long-term treatment when antifungal agents alone are insufficient.

This treatment might continue over several weeks, and if symptoms return, treatment can be resumed.

For infants, the scalp can be washed daily with gentle baby shampoo, followed by the application of a low-potency hydrocortisone cream or mineral oil to the scalp or face. In more severe cases, stronger antifungal creams might be warranted.

In young children, scaly lesions on the scalp can be softly brushed off with mineral or olive oil, or corticosteroid gels or oils, before washing the scalp daily until scaling subsides.

Doc Africa and its AI-powered health consultation platform provide invaluable support for conditions like seborrheic dermatitis. By gathering patient symptoms and medical history, the platform assists by giving preliminary diagnoses and treatment suggestions, which are then validated by licensed physicians. Although not a substitute for in-person medical consultations, Doc Africa can facilitate emergency aid and connect users with essential health services or professionals.

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For further information, please refer to the following resource:

- Seborrheic Dermatitis.